14 Furthermore, the evidence from RCTs has illustrated its efficacy in symptomatic treatment for behav-ioral problems such as irritability, aggression, self-injurious behavior and tantrums in children and adolescents with ASD having the short-term treatment with well tolerability. Risperidone, a highly potent blockade of serotonin 2A and dopamine D2 receptors, has a promising efficacy in the treatment of both the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Alternatively, antipsychotics such as haloperidol, risperidone and aripiprazole have efficacy in the treatments of behavioral difficulties associated with ASD. 7Īlthough a previous RCT reported the effective combined treatment of low-dose risperidone and parent training 8 and atomoxetine with parent training 9 in children with ASD, its effect size is small. 6 Unfortunately, a recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) did not find significant differences between parent training and parent education programs in the management of behavioral problems in children with ASD. 3 – 5 Since behavioral therapy involves the use of wide-ranging resources with extensive cost, it may reduce the opportunity to access such intervention for several children with ASD. 3 In addition to individualized responses to behavioral therapy for ASD, the low quality of methodology, limited sample size or short-term treatment is often found in previous studies. 1, 2 Hence, effective treatments for such maladaptive behaviors are necessary.Ĭurrent evidence suggests that behavioral therapy possibly reduces aggression and self-injurious behavior and is considered a gold standard therapy for behavioral problems related to ASD. In addition, several children and adolescents with ASD also present severe behavioral difficulties, including aggression, self-injurious behavior, tantrums and irritability, possibly serious enough to interfere with the education and development of children and adolescents as well as the well-being of caregivers. Its symptoms mainly consist of deficits in social communication and social interaction and restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests and activities. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was categorized as a neurodevelopmental disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5).
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